The economy of the North – and Beyond

The article analyzes changes in Russia’s Arctic policy between 2022 and 2025, focusing on its institutional, legislative, and economic dimensions. It explores how the state has shifted from an agenda primarily centered on resource extraction and transportation infrastructure towards a more comprehensive approach, incorporating long‑term planning, environmental priorities, and measures to support the social and economic development of the region. The work discusses the role of key projects, such as the Northern Sea Route and the Trans‑Arctic Transport Corridor, as well as state efforts to maintain the traditional way of life of Indigenous communities and to adapt to the changing natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic.

The article analyzes legislative and institutional changes introduced during this period, highlighting the establishment of special financing mechanisms, the role of regional authorities, and the contribution of federal institutions and state‑owned enterprises. It also considers systemic constraints that affect the implementation of long‑term Arctic programmes — including technological bottlenecks, the shortage of qualified personnel, and restricted access to international capital and equipment caused by sanctions. Against this backdrop, special attention is paid to the role of national institutions and businesses in adapting existing infrastructure and creating new logistical and industrial hubs in remote northern areas.

The article also incorporates observations from the 2025 St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, where long‑term priorities and the direction of future cooperation were presented. These priorities reflect a shift towards strengthening the internal economic resilience of Russia’s northern regions and aligning policies with the evolving international context. In this way, the article provides a structured review of the changes and constraints that shaped Russia’s Arctic agenda between 2022 and 2025, and outlines the challenges and priorities for its further development.